Compressor of air and other fluids



` Patented July 29, 1924. n

FERNND LOUIS BOUSSO'USE, OF IPAIRQIS,k FRANCE, ASSIGNOR, BY IBLlESN'EIASSIGN- MENTS, TO THE WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKEl COMPANY, OF WILMERDING,PENN- SYLVANIA, .A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

COMPRESSOROF AIB AND OTHER FLUIDS.

l. Application led September 15, 11.321. Serial No, 500,951,

To all whom t may ,coufncernf3 Beit known that I, FERNAND LOUISBRoUssoUsE, a citizen of the French Re ublic, and 'residingein Paris,France, 4 ue Sante Anne, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in and Relating to Compressors of Air and Other Fluids, ofwhich the following is a complete specification. C

This invention lrelates to fluid compressors and more particularly to avalve mechanism for controlling. the inlet of fluid to the compressorcylinder.

When a uid compressor is run at high speed, it has been'found diicult tocharge' the compressor cylinder with iluid on the suction stroke at sucha rate that the full free air capacity of thel compressor isapproximated.

One objecty ofpmy invention is to provide a iuid compressor having inletvalve means adapted to overcome the above difiiculty.

Another object of my invention is to provide a Huid compressor-having aminimum clearance space so as to increase the efficiency ofthewcompressor. i

Another object is to provide a Huid compressor having anI inlet valvemechanism adapted to permit the running of the compressor at a highspeed and at the same` time secure a high efficiency rate.

Other objects and advantages will 4appear in the following more detaileddescription of the invention.

In the accompanying drawing; Fig. 1 is a cetral sectional view of a Huidcompress 2 a section on the line A-A of Fig. 1.

As shown-ln the drawing, the fluid come, 40 pressor may comprise theusual casing 'hav-fv mg a compressor cylinder 1 containing piston 3,connected by the usual connecting rod 4,to crank shaft 5. Fluidcompressed by piston 3in` piston chamben 6, Hows past outi5 let valve 7to pipeu 8 and thence to the usual storage reservoir or the ofutilization. t

. Disposed in the compressor casing with its axis parallel to the axisof the compressor cylinder 1 is a cylindrical valve chamber 11 andmounted Ato rotate in said chamber are oppositely disposedvalvememldesired point bers 9 and 10 1n the form lof segmentsi of` .bers incontact with the interior cylindrical r embodying my invention; and Fig.p

a cylinder Ifor controllin the admission of Huid to the piston cham er6. Said members are carried by a rotatable valve rod 12 and interposedbetween the members 9 and 10Vand the rod 12 are leaf springs 13 and 14,hfor yieldingly maintaining said mem- Walls of the valve chamber l11.

The valve rod 12 is rotated through an operative connectionto the crankshaft 5` such as by providing a pinion 15 on said rod which 'mesheswith, another pinion adapted to be driven by a transmission member 14.An inlet or suction port 16 opens into the valve chamber 11 andpreferably said vpont opens to a lateral recess 17, as shown in Fig.2,.so as to ensure a full inlet from the port 16 to valve chamber 11when desired. Controlled by' the valve members 9 and 10 are a series oforifices 18, 19, and 2O through the wall between the valve cham.- ber 11and the piston chamber 6 which provvide communication from the valvechamber 11 to the piston chamber 6, said' orices orports have adecreasing sectional area` Vfrom the end of the suction stroke to thepmpression end of the cylinder, as shown in 30 'n order toy lubricatethe compressor, the valve rod 12 is provided with a rod elftension 21,at the lower end of which is operatively connected an oil pump l22. Theoil 'pump is ada ted to force oil in the oilS chamber 23 trough apassage 24 into an outflow groove. or trough 25 and thence` the oil` istaken up'by a blade 26, carried by the connecting rod 4, so as tolubricate the Vparts (onthe splash system.

In operation, with 'the piston 3 inthe position shown im Fig.. 1 withthe crank vat 90, `the valve members 9 and 10 will shown in Fig. 2 sothat the inlet ports 18, 19,

and 20 are fully open in, this position.

At the end of the suction stroke or the beginning of thecompressionstroke, the valves 9 and 10 are rotated so that the port 18 isA closedand the` ports 19 and 20 are partially closed.

lt will now be seen that on the up or compression stroke, the ports 18,19, and 20 are either wholly or partially closed by the valve members 9and 10, so that the pressure of fluid as it is" compressed in the pistonchamber 6 acts through the ports 18, 19, and 20, on the valve members 9and 10, but as the piston 3 moves upwardly, the ports 18,

. 19, and 2O are successively cut off by the piston 3 and the surface ofthe valve members 9 and 10 exposed to this pressure is reduced, on theone hand, by the 'piston 3 covering the ports and on the other hand bythe decreasing area of the ports. The areas of the ports 18, 19, and 20are so calculated and the ports are so vpositioned that although thepressure in piston chamber 6 increases /as the piston moves up on itscompression stroke, the eli'ective pressure actin through the ports 18,19, and 2O on the va ve members 9 and 10 will always be less than thepressure of the .springs 13 and 14 tending to hold the valve membersseated.

It will thus be seen that the valve members 9 and 10 may be held seatedby means of light springs and thus frictional resistance to rotativemovement of the valve members is 4aninimized.

On the suction stroke, the area of the inlet ports increases as thepiston moves down and an unobstructed, free open communication isprovided for the inlet of fluid from the port 16 lto the piston chamber6. The area of the inlet ports increases as the piston 3 movesdownwardly on its suction stroke, thus ensuring a rapid charging of thechamber with fluid and thereby providing a compressor'of increasedelliclency, the efliciency being lar e `dependent upon the amount offree lui which can bev taken in on the' suction stroke.

The fluid yinlet being controlled by ppsitively moving mechanicallycontrolled valves, the admissionv of fluid will be early and there willbe no throttling .of the inlet orifices, even when the compressor risrun at very high speeds, such as would be the case with the usual typeof inlet valve.

Since the inlet valve members constantly rotate in the same directionWithout reversal. the running of the compressor at a high speed isgreatly facilitated. Since no space open to the compressor cylinder isrequired for inlet valves of the usual type, the clearance or dead space1s reduced to a minimum, which further increases the eiiiciency of thecompressor.

The arrangement of the inlet ports in the Walls of the piston cylinderpermits lubrication of the valve members 9 and 10 by the passage oflubricating oil from the piston chamber 6 through the ports 18, 19, and20 to the valve members 9 and 10.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is 1. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a fluidcompressing cylinder, a piston therein, and a fluid inlet portpositioned to be covered by said piston before said piston has moved tothe end of its compression stroke, of a valve chamber into which saidinlet port opens and a rotating valve for controlling. said port.

2. In a fluid compressor,` the combination, wlth a fluid compressingcylinder, a piston therein, and a fluid inlet port positioned to becovered by said piston before said piston has moved to the end of itscompression stroke, of a valve chamber into which said inlet port opensand a rotating spring pressed valve for controlling said port.

3. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderand a piston therein, of a cylindrical valve chamber having its axisparallel with the axis of the compressing cylinder, an inlet portconnecting said valve chamber with said cylinder, oppositely disposedcylindrical valve members rotatably mounted in said valve chamber forcontrolling said port, and a spring for yieldingly pressing each valvemember to its seat.

4. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderand a piston therein, of a valve chamber, an inlet port connecting saidvalve chamberV with said cylinder and controlled by said piston, and avalve for also controlling said port, the relation of the parts beingsuch. that the inlet port is first opened by the movement of the valveand is then uncovered by the piston on its suction stroke.

5. vIn a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderyand a piston therein, ot a valve chamber, an inlet port amasar let portis first closed by the movement of the valve and is then covered by thepiston on its compression stroke.

6. In a iuid compressor, the combination With a compressing cylinderhaving a plurality of inlet ports in the cylindrical Wall of thecylinder and a piston in said cylinder controlling said ports, of aninlet valve for also controlling said ports and means for operating saidvalve.

7. In a fluid compressor, the combination With a compressing cylinderhaving a fluid inlet of diminishing cross section andv a piston in saidcylinder controlling said inlet, of an inlet valve for also controllingsaid inlet.

8.l In a fluiddzompressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderhaving a lplurality of inlet ports of diminishing areas and disposed inlongitudinal alinement and a piston in said cylinder controlling saidports of an inlet valve for controlling said ports. y

9. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderhaving a plurality of inlet ports having areas which successivelydecrease toward the end of the compression stroke, a piston in saidcylinder` controlling said ports, and an inlet valve for alsocontrolling said ports.

10. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderhaving an inlet port area which diminishes toward the end of thecompression stroke, of a p-iston in said cylinder controlling said portarea, the port area open to the compressing side of the piston lduringthe compression stroke being inversely proportional to the pressureofiiuid compressed and an inlet valve for also controlling said ports.

1l. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderand a iston therein., of a cylindrical valve cham er in axial alinementwith the compressing cylinder, the dividing Wall between said cylinderand said chamber having a plurality of inlet ports of varying areasandan inlet valve in said chamber for controlling said ports. y

l2. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderand a piston therein,"of a cylindrical valve chamber in axial alinementwith the compressing cylinder, the dividing Wall between said cylinderand said chamber .having a plurality of inlet ports of varying areas, aninlet valve rotatably mounted in said chamber for controlling saidports, and means for rotating said valve.

13. In a iuid compressor, the combination with a compressing cylinderhaving a plurality of inlet ports of varying crossA section and a pistonin said cylinder controlling said ports, of a cylindrical valve chamberin axial alinement With said cylinder with.

which said ports communicate, cylindrical valve means rotatably mountedin said chamber for controlling said ports, and means for rotating saidvalve means.

In testimony I have hereunto set my hand at Paris (France), this 26 dayof August 1921.

FERNANI) LOUIS BROUSSOUSE.

